期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY
卷 27, 期 -, 页码 119-145出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132528
关键词
microglia; macrophage; inflammation; neurodegenerative disease; brain cytology; activation; regulation; central nervous system
类别
资金
- U.S. National Institutes of Health
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Charles A. Dana Foundation
- Nancy Davis Center
- Williams Family Fund for Multiple Sclerosis Research
- Medical Research Council (UK)
- Wellcome Trust
- Multiple Sclerosis Society (UK)
- European Union
Microglia, the macrophages of the central nervous system parenchyma, have in the normal healthy brain a distinct phenotype induced by molecules expressed on or secreted by adjacent neurons and astrocytes, and this phenotype is maintained in part by virtue of the blood-brain barriers exclusion of serum components. Microglia are continually active, their processes palpating and surveying their local microenvironment. The microglia rapidly change their phenotype in response to any disturbance of nervous system homeostasis and are commonly referred to as activated on the basis of the changes in their morphology or expression of cell surface antigens. A wealth of data now demonstrate that the microglia have very diverse effector functions, in line with macrophage Populations in other organs. The term activated microglia needs to be qualified to reflect the distinct and very different states of activation-associated effector functions in different disease states. Manipulating the effector functions of microglia has the potential to modify the outcome of diverse neurological diseases.
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