期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS
卷 42, 期 -, 页码 733-772出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genet.42.110807.091711
关键词
X chromosome inactivation; epigenetics; imprinting; evolution; chromatin; noncoding RNA
资金
- International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSP)
- NIH RO1 [GM58839]
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM058839] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
The development of genetic sex determination and cytologically distinct sex chromosomes leads to the potential problem of gene dosage imbalances between autosomes and sex chromosomes and also between males and females. To circumvent these imbalances, mammals have developed an elaborate system of dosage compensation that includes both upregulation and repression of the X chromosome. Recent advances have provided insights into the evolutionary history of how both the imprinted and random forms of X chromosome inactivation have come about. Furthermore, our understanding of the epigenetic switch at the X-inactivation center and the molecular aspects of chromosome-wide silencing has greatly improved recently. Here, we review various facets of the ever-expanding field of mammalian dosage compensation and discuss its evolutionary, developmental, and mechanistic components.
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