期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS
卷 40, 期 -, 页码 573-592出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120320
关键词
carnivores; meta-analysis; parasitism; parasitoid; pest control; predation; predator; species richness
资金
- USDA-NRI [2005-0288]
- Fulbright Fellowship
- UCSC Academic Senate Committee
- Department of Environmental Studies
Claims about the role of predator diversity in maintaining ecosystem function and providing ecosystem services such as pest control are controversial, but evaluative tests are beginning to accumulate. Empirical and experimental comparisons of species-rich versus species-poor assemblages of entomophagous arthropods and vertebrates range from strong suppression to facilitative release of herbivorous arthropod prey. Top-down control can be strengthened when natural enemies complement each other, dampened by negative interactions, balanced by both factors, and driven by single influential species. A meta-analytic synthesis shows a significant overall effect of enemy richness increasing top-down control of herbivores, which is consistent in agricultural studies conducted in tropical versus temperate zones, in studies using caged versus open-field designs, but not so in nonagricultural habitats. Synthetic analyses address theory and help set precautionary policy for conserving ecological services broadly, while characterizing uncertainty associated with herbivore response to changes in enemy diversity.
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