期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
卷 24, 期 -, 页码 131-157出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175259
关键词
NOR; nucleolus; rDNA; RNA polymerase 1; NoRC; CSB; chromatin remodeling; histone modifications; DNA methylation; transcriptional silencing
资金
- MRC [G0500323] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0500323] Funding Source: Medline
In eukaryotes, the genes encoding ribosomal RNAs (rDNA) exist in two distinct epigenetic states that can he distinguished by a specific chromatin structure that is maintained throughout the cell cycle and is inherited from one cell to another. The fact that even in proliferating cells with a hi h demand of protein synthesis a fraction of rDNA is silenced provides a unique possibility to decipher the mechanism underlying epigenetic regulation of rDNA. This chapter summarizes our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that establish and propagate the epigenetic state of rRNA genes, unraveling a complex interplay of DNA methyltransferases and histone-modifying enzymes that act in concert with chromatin remodeling complexes and RNA-guided mechanisms to define the transcriptional state of rDNA. We also review the critical role of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF in the formation of active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and maintenance of the euchromatic state of rRNA genes.
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