期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 82
卷 82, 期 -, 页码 237-266出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-072911-172315
关键词
bacterial immunity; bacteriophage; crRNA; RNA interference; small RNAs
资金
- National Institutes of Health-NCRR COBRE [GM 103500]
- National Science Foundation [MCB-0628732, MCB-0920312]
- European Research Council [260432]
- Israeli Science Foundation [ISF-1303/12]
- Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
- Deutsch-Israelische Projektkooperation grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1237384, 0920312] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [P20GM103500] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Effective clearance of an infection requires that the immune system rapidly detects and neutralizes invading parasites while strictly avoiding self-antigens that would result in autoimmunity. The cellular machinery and complex signaling pathways that coordinate an effective immune response have generally been considered properties of the eukaryotic immune system. However, a surprisingly sophisticated adaptive immune system that relies on small RNAs for sequence-specific targeting of foreign nucleic acids was recently discovered in bacteria and archaea. Molecular vaccination in prokaryotes is achieved by integrating short fragments of foreign nucleic acids into a repetitive locus in the host chromosome known as a CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat). Here we review the mechanisms of CRISPR-mediated immunity and discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of these adaptive defense systems.
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