期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
卷 27, 期 4, 页码 359-367出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-005-7102-9
关键词
arsenic; Chindwin; Cimmeride; Ganges; GBM; groundwater; Irrawady; Mekong; Meso-Tethys; Naga; Palaeo-Tethys; Qamdo-Simao; Red River; Siwalik; Salween
An argument is presented in which areas of natural arsenic contamination of modern groundwaters throughout Asia have a common origin. Arsenic originally accumulated in oceanic ferro-manganoan sediments of the eastern Palaeo-Tethys. This was further concentrated through oceanic crustal extinction in what later became the south-east Chinese accreted mineralised terrain. Proto-Himalayan uplift of this area created the palaeo-drainage systems of the Ganges - Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, Mekong, and Red Rivers, with consequent headwater erosion of arsenic-rich sediments. Their downstream deposition as immature and easily redistributed Neogene sandstones, silts, and iron-rich clays has created secondary and tertiary reservoirs of adsorbed and authigenic arsenic, from which the current arsenic-rich groundwaters have evolved. Considering river basins within the above palaeo-hydrogeological framework provides a basis for assessing the risk of arsenic in groundwater basins of south and south-eastern Asia.
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