期刊
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL
卷 38, 期 48, 页码 10259-10271出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/38/48/001
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The ergodic hypothesis asserts that a classical mechanical system will in time visit every available configuration in phase space. Thus, for an ergodic system, an ensemble average of a thermodynamic quantity can equally well be calculated by a time average over a sufficiently long period of dynamical evolution. In this paper, we describe in detail how to calculate the temperature and chemical potential from the dynamics of a microcanonical classical field, using the particular example of the classical modes of a Bose-condensed gas. The accurate determination of these thermodynamics quantities is essential in measuring the shift of the critical temperature of a Bose gas due to nonperturbative many-body effects.
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