The single largest oceanic plateau: Ontong Java-Manihiki-Hikurangi

Oceanic plateaus are matic igneous provinces commonly thought to derive from ascending mantle plumes. By far the largest, the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) was emplaced ca. 120 Ma, with a much smaller magmatic pulse of ca. 90 Ma. Of similar age and composition, the Manihiki and Hikurangi Plateaus (MP and HP) are separated from the OR by ocean basins formed during the Cretaceous long normal magnetic period. I present new seafloor fabric data that indicate the three plateaus formed as one (OJMHP). The data support previous interpretations that the Osbourn Trough is the relict of the spreading center that separated the MP and HP but they require a different interpretation than prevailing tectonic models for the Ellice Basin. Closely spaced, large offset, fracture zones in the Ellice Basin bound former right-stepping spreading segments that separated the OR and MR The MP was emplaced near the axis of the Pacific-Phoenix ridge and additional plateau fragments formerly bordered its eastern margins. Following OJMHP break-up, seafloor spreading removed these fragments to the east and SSE, together with the symmetric conjugates to the extant Phoenix magnetic lineations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.