Versatile use of carbon dioxide in the synthesis of carbamates

Organic carbamates classically have been synthesized using harmful and toxic reagents like phosgene, its derivatives, and carbon monoxide. Recently, carbon dioxide was used as a cheap and harmless reagent for the synthesis of organic carbamates in the gaseous or supercritical state, or in an electrochemical process, or organic carbonates as sources of carbon dioxide as an alternative to the harmful reagents. The present review will deal with the extensive use of carbon dioxide in the synthesis of organic carbamates.