Myocardial regenerative therapy: Immunologic basis for the potential Universal Donor Cells

Stem cell transplantation is a promising approach for improving cardiac function after severe myocardial damage for which use of autologous donor cells have been preferred to avoid immune rejection. Recently however, rodent, porcine, and even human bone marrow stromal cells have been reported to be uniquely immune tolerant, both in the in vitro mixed lymphocyte co-culture studies and in the in vivo allo-transplant and xeno-transplant models. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the underlying immunologic mechanisms, which can facilitate the use of such cells as universal donor cells with fascinating therapeutic implications.