The molecular basis for calcium-dependent axon pathfinding

Ca2+ signals have profound and varied effects on growth cone motility and guidance. Modulation of Ca2+ influx and release from stores by guidance cues shapes Ca2+ signals, which determine the activation of downstream targets. Although the precise molecular mechanisms that underlie distinct Ca2+-mediated effects on growth cone behaviours remain unclear, recent studies have identified important players in both the regulation and targets of Ca2+ signals in growth cones.