Structural, functional and immunologic characterization of folded subdomains in the Ro52, protein targeted in Sjogren's syndrome

Ro52, one of the major autoantigens in the rheumatic disease Sjogren's syndrome (SS), belongs to the tripartite motif (TRIM) or RING-B-box-coiled-coil (RBCC) protein family, thus comprising, an N-terminal RING, followed by a B-box and a coiled-coil region. Several different proteomic functions have been suggested for Ro52, including DNA binding, protein interactions and Zn2+-binding. To analyze the presence and/or absence of these functions and, in particular, map those to different subregions, the modular composition of the Ro52 protein was experimentally characterized. Two structured parts of Ro52 were identified, corresponding to the RING-B-box and the coiled-coil regions, respectively. Secondary structure analysis by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy indicated that the two subregions are independently structured. The entire RING-B-box region displayed Zn2+-dependent stabilization against proteolysis in the presence of Zn2+, indicating functional Zn2+-binding sites in both the RING and the B-box. However, no stabilization with DNA was detected, irrespective of Zn2+, thus suggesting that the RING-B-box region does not bind DNA. Oligomerization of the coiled-coil was investigated by analytical ultracentrifugation and in a mammalian two-hybrid system. Both methods show weak homodimer affinity, in parity with other coiled-coil domains involved in regulatory interactions. The C-terminal B30.2 region was rapidly degraded both during cellular expression and refolding, indicating a less stable structure. Immunologic analysis of the stable protein regions with sera from patients with Sjogren's syndrome shows that immunodominant epitopes to a large extent are localized in the structurally stable parts of Ro52. The results form a basis for further Ro52 functional studies on the proteome level. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.