Polyphosphazenes that bear both methoxyethoxyethoxy and cinnamyl side groups were synthesized and evaluated for use as hydrogels incorporated into micrometer-scale biosensor arrays. Polymers with the general formula [NPRxR'(y)](n) where R = OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3 and R' = OCH=CHCH2Ph (x = y = 1; x = 2, y = 0) were synthesized. The polymers were cross-linked to form hydrogels by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (lambda = 320-480 nm) in the presence of a photoinitiator. Hydrogel microstructures in the size range 50-500 mu m were fabricated using standard photolithographic techniques. The resolution and dimensions of these microstructures were examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and profilometry. The resultant three-dimensional hydrogel microstructures were used to encapsulate enzymes for biosensor applications. The enzymatic activity of encapsulated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was examined as a model system. The HRP catalyzed reaction between H2O2 and Amplex Red to produce a fluorescent product, resorufin, was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy.
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