Scavenging of gaseous mercury by acidic snow at Kuujjuarapik, Northern Quebec

One fate of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) in the Arctic has been identified as gas phase oxidation by halogen-containing radicals, leading to abrupt atmospheric mercury depletion concurrent with ozone depletion. Rapid deposition of oxidized mercury leads to snow enrichment in mercury. In this report, we describe experiments that demonstrate the ability of snow to directly scavenge atmospheric mercury. The study was conducted at Kuujjuarapik, Quebec, Canada (latitude 55 degrees 17'N). A mercury depletion event (MDE) caused the mercury concentration in the surface snow of the coastal snowpack to double, from (9.4 +/- 2.0) to (19.2 +/- 1.7) ng/L. Independent of the MDE, mercury concentrations increased five-fold, from (10.0 +/- 0.1) to (51.4 +/- 6.0) ng/L, upon spiking the snow with 500 mu M hydrogen peroxide under solar irradiation. Total organic carbon in the spiked irradiated snow samples also decreased, consistent with the formation of strongly oxidizing species. The role of the snowpack in releasing GEM to the atmosphere has been reported; these findings suggest that snow may also play a role in enhancing deposition of mercury. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.