Unequivocal synthesis of (Z)-alkene and (E)-fluoroalkene dipeptide isosteres to probe structural requirements of the peptide transporter PEPT1

Described is a novel synthetic route for dipeptide isosteres containing (Z)-alkene and (E)-fluoroalkene units as cis-amide bond equivalents via organocopper-mediated reduction of gamma-acetoxy- or gamma,gamma-difluoro-alpha,beta-unsaturated-delta-lactams. The synthesized isosteres were evaluated in terms of their affinities for the peptide transporter PEPT1. traps-Amide isosteres tended to possess higher affinities for PEPT1 as compared to the corresponding cis-amide bond equivalents.