Prevalence of liver steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a study of associated factors and of relationship with fibrosis

Objectives The clinical significance of hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis B virus patients is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for liver steatosis in chronic hepatitis B patients and its relationship with fibrosis. Methods We retrospectively evaluated liver biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis B treated in our department. Patients co-infected with other viruses (hepatitis C virus, HIV) or suffering from liver disease of any other cause were excluded from the study, as well as patients consuming alcohol above 30 g/day for males or 20 g/day for females. Liver steatosis, necroinflammation and fibrosis were assessed. Results A total of 233 patients with chronic hepatitis B were included in the study. The mean age was 44.7 +/- 16.2 years. There were 164 men (70.4%) and 69 women (29.6%). The majority of patients were HbeAg-negative, 196/233 (84.1%). Thirty-seven patients had cirrhosis (15.9%). Steatosis was present in 42 patients (18%). Steatosis was independently associated with fasting glucose level (P=0.019) and being overweight (body mass index >= 25; P=0.021). No correlation was found with stage of fibrosis, grade of inflammation, alcohol use or other parameters. Ninety-four out of 233 patients (40.3%) had advanced fibrosis. Patients with advanced fibrosis were older than those with minimal or no fibrosis (476 +/- 17 versus 42.3 +/- 15.2 years, P=0.024) and more frequently had a higher grade of necroinflammation activity (57/94 (60.6%) versus 26/139 (18.7%), P < 0.0001). There was no significant association between advanced fibrosis and the presence of steatosis or mild alcohol consumption. Conclusion Hepatic steatosis is present in 18% of our patients with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis B. Steatosis is independently associated only with body mass index and fasting glucose level, risk factors for metabolic steatohepatitis, and was not correlated with the degree of fibrosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 18:233-237 (c) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.