期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B
卷 20, 期 7, 页码 747-778出版社
WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
DOI: 10.1142/S0217979206033632
关键词
two-dimensional electronic system; quantum Hall effects; liquid crystals; topological phase transitions
Since 1999, experiments have shown a plethora of surprising results in the low-temperature magnetotransport in intermediate regions between quantum Hall (QH) plateaus: the extreme anisotropies observed for half-filling, or the re-entrant integer QH effects at quarter filling of high Landau levels (LL); or even an apparent melting of a Wigner Crystal (WC) at filling factor v = 1/7 of the lowest LL. A large body of seemingly distinct experimental evidence has been successfully interpreted in terms of liquid crystalline phases in the two-dimensional electron system (2DES). In this paper, we present a review of the physics of liquid crystalline states for strongly correlated two-dimensional electronic systems in the QH regime. We describe a semi-quantitative theory for the formation of QH smectics (stripes), their zero-temperature melting onto nematic phases and ultimate anisotropic-isotropic transition via the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) mechanism. We also describe theories for QH-like states with various liquid crystalline orders and their excitation spectrum. We argue that resulting picture of liquid crystalline states in partially filled LL-s is a valuable starting point to understand the present experimental findings, and to suggest new experiments that will lead to further elucidation of this intriguing system.
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