期刊
ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
卷 97, 期 1, 页码 117-127出版社
MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
DOI: 10.3417/2006210
关键词
Asteranthera; Chile; Coronanthereae; Gesneriaceae; holoepiphyte; Mitraria; Sarmienta
资金
- Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Excelencia en Investigacion-Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnolegico (FONDAP-FONDEUT) [1501-0001]
- Institut de Ecologia y Biodiversidad (IEB) [P05-002 ICM]
- Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnolegica (CONICYT) [AT-4050069]
- Universidad de Chile
- Mejoramiento de la Equidad y Calidad de la Educacion Superior (MECESUP)
Three monotypic and endemic genera of epiphytic Gesneriaceae (Gesnerioideae, Coronanthereae) occur in temperate rainforests of southern South America. In this article, intraspecific differences in rooted substrate and interspecific variation in epiphytic growth habits among these three Gesneriaceae species were assessed. The presence or absence of plants on the ground and main rooted substrate when growing epiphytically on trees were used to characterize epiphytic growth habits in two old-growth temperate rainforests of northern Chiloe Island (42 degrees 30'S) in Chile. An evolutionary interpretation based on reported phylogenies and morphologies within the Coronanthereae is proposed. Two species of Chilean Gesneriaceae, Mitraria coccinea Car, and Astemnthera ovata (Cav.) Hanst., originate from the forest floor, then climb on trees while maintaining their main roots in the ground, and are classified as secondary hemiepiphytes. The third species, Sarmienta renews Ruiz & Priv., was found exclusively on tree trunks and branches of living and dead trees and thus may be classified as a holoepiphyte. Based on reported phylogenies and biogeographical, ecological, and morphological data, the mechanically independent arboreal habit appears to be the ancestral condition in the Coronanthereae, which in turn gave rise to the climbing habit and finally the holoepiphytic habit. This may be a common evolutionary pathway toward holoepiphytism within other lineages in the Gesneriaceae.
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