The 2014 Society of Surgical Oncology Susan G. Komen for the Cure Symposium: Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an operational term that refers to a heterogeneous collection of breast cancers lacking expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and HER2. These tumors account for 12-17 % of all breast cancers, preferentially affect young women, are more frequent in women of African and Hispanic descent, and are enriched in the population of patients diagnosed with interval cancers.'' TNBCs account for the majority of breast cancers arising in BRCA1 germline mutation carriers (approximately 80 %), and approximately 11-16 % of all TNBCs harbor BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutations. Well-known risk factors for ER-positive cancers, such as reproductive history and hormonal factors, do not appear to have the same correlations for TNBC, and histologic risk factors for TNBC have not been identified. Patients with TNBC have a higher risk of both local and distant recurrence, but this is not mitigated by bigger surgery, and standard criteria should be used to select the approach to local therapy in these patients. Although platinum drugs have shown promise in the treatment of TNBC, standard chemotherapy remains the standard of care outside of a clinical trial. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) represent a distinct clinical and molecular subtype of breast cancer defined by the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 expression. Negativity for these three molecular markers represents the unifying feature for this phenotype, but substantial heterogeneity exists within the TNBC subset. Nonetheless, several epidemiologic and clinical patterns have been identified that distinguish the majority of TNBC from non-TNBC tumors. The current state of the literature on the epidemiology and molecular pathology of TNBC, as well as local and systemic therapy considerations, were the focus of the 2014 Society of Surgical Oncology Susan G. Komen for the Cure Symposium, March 2014.