Turbulent cascade of circulations

The circulation around any closed loop is a Lagrangian invariant for classical, smooth solutions of the incompressible Euler equations in any number of space dimensions. However, singular solutions relevant to turbulent flows need not preserve the classical integrals of motion. Here we generalize the Kelvin theorem on conservation of circulations to distributional solutions of Euler and give necessary conditions for the anomalous dissipation of circulations. We discuss the important role of Kelvin's theorem in turbulent vortex-stretching dynamics and conjecture a version of the theorem which may apply to suitable singular solutions.