Long-term remission in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia:: A case report

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is caused by JC virus, an opportunistic infection of the central nervous system. Antiretroviral treatment for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in human immunodeficiency virus - infected patients is beneficial, but few data exist for patients who are not infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Idiopathic CD4(+) T lymphocytopenia excludes human immunodeficiency virus infection. We describe a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with underlying idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia in whom functional recovery occurred without antiviral therapy.