Extended therapeutic window and functional recovery after intraarterial administration of neuregulin-1 after focal ischemic stroke

We have previously shown that neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) protects neurons from ischemic brain injury if administered before focal stroke. Here, we examined the therapeutic window and functional recovery after NRG-1 treatment in rats subjected to 90 mins of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and 24 h of reperfusion. Neuregulin-1 (2.5 ng/kg bolus, 1.25 ng/kg/min infusion) reduced infarct volume by 89.2% +/- 741.9% (mean +/- s. d.; n 8; P<0.01) if administered immediately after the onset of reperfusion. Neuroprotection was also evident if NRG-1 was administered 4 h ( 66.4% +/- 52.6%; n = 7; P<0.01) and 12 h (57.0% +/- 20.8%; n = 8; P<0.01) after reperfusion. Neuregulin-1 administration also resulted in a significant improvement of functional neurologic outcome compared with vehicle-treated animals (32.1% +/- 75.7%; n = 9; P<0.01). The neuroprotective effect of the single administration of NRG-1 was seen as long as 2 weeks after treatment. Neurons labeled with the neurodegeneration marker dye Fluoro-JadeB were observed after MCAO in the cortex, but the numbers were significantly reduced after NRG-1 treatment. These results indicate that NRG-1 is a potent neuroprotective compound with an extended therapeutic window that has practical therapeutic potential in treating individuals after ischemic brain injury.