Hair analysis for veterinary drug monitoring in livestock production

This review summarizes the basic information and applications concerning the use of hair analysis for the detection of misuse of therapeutic and anabolic agents in livestock animals. Hair biology, hair-shaft structure and the mechanisms of drug incorporation are described, considering the different factors which can affect the deposition. Sampling and extraction methods are reviewed with special attention to the particularities of this matrix, while the use of different analytical techniques is discussed, taking into account the concentration and the sensitivity required for drug detection. Advantages, drawbacks, promising prospects and possible applications of this technique in the future are also discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.