On the calculation of exchange interactions in metals

We describe techniques to determine magnetic exchange parameters using modern band structure methods. The analytical and numerical implementations of the linear-response method are discussed. The applications of the presented technique have been done for 3d ferromagnets. Our results point out difficulties in defining a pairwise exchange coupling for itinerant magnets, while for systems with localized moments the traditional adiabatic approach is mostly valid. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics.