4.2 Article

Impacts of urbanization on land-atmosphere carbon exchange within a metropolitan area in the USA

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CLIMATE RESEARCH
卷 30, 期 3, 页码 201-213

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INTER-RESEARCH
DOI: 10.3354/cr030201

关键词

net ecosystem production; NEP; net ecosystem exchange; NEE; urban emissions; carbon; carbon dioxide; CO2

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Urbanization can cause changes in carbon fluxes, which, in turn, impacts atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and possibly global surface temperatures. Using the Atlanta, Georgia, region as a case study, this paper explores the impact of urban expansion from 1973 to 2002 on land-atmosphere carbon exchange. The major objectives were to estimate net ecosystem production (NEP) values for multiple land-cover classes and to link urbanization-induced changes in land-cover to changes in NEP and overall carbon fluxes. The principal data were daily climatic data, year-specific land-cover data, annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) values, and annual anthropogenic carbon emissions estimates. The principal methods were testing for climatic trends, determining the composition of the land-cover classes, estimating annual NEP values for the land-cover classes, and estimating the overall carbon exchange. The major findings: (1) there were no significant trends for any of the climatic variables; (2) the region was only similar to 16% urbanized in 1973; however, by 2002, the region was similar to 38% urbanized; (3) the NEP in 1978-1980 of 443 g C m(-2) yr(-1) may have continued until 1996-1998, despite the substantial loss of forest land; and (4) net carbon emissions increased from similar to 150 g in 1978-1980 to similar to 940 g C m-2 yr-1 in 1996-1998. Therefore, urban expansion greatly increased the carbon emissions of the Atlanta region; however, it is possible that, through increasing the growing-season length as well as increasing nitrogen and CO2 fertilization, urban expansion may not decrease the region-wide NEP.

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