Protein synthesis-dependent long-term memory induced by one single associative training trial in the parasitic wasp Lariophagus distinguendus

Protein synthesis-dependent long-term memory in Apis mellifera and Drosophila melanogaster is formed after multiple trainings that are spaced in time. The parasitic wasp Lariophagus distinguendus remarkably differs from these species. It significantly responds to the artificial odor furfurylheptanoate (FFH) in olfactometer experiments, when this odor was presented during one single training trial, consisting of one sequence of host recognition behavior on a wheat grain infested by its hosts. Feeding wasps with actinomycin D erases the learned response 24 h after the training, demonstrating that protein synthesis-dependent long-term memory has been formed in L. distinguendus already after one single training.