Flow measurements of vortex generator jets in separating boundary layer

Vortex generatorjets (VGJs) have been found to be an effective method of active separation control on the suction side of a low-pressure turbine (LPT) blade at low Reynolds numbers. The flow mechanisms responsible for this control were studied and documented to provide a basis for future improvements in LPT design. Data were collected using a stereo particle-image-velocimetry system that enabled all three components of velocity to be measured. First, steady VGJs were injected into a laminar boundary layer on a flat plate (nonseparating boundary layer) to more fully understand the characteristics and behavior of the produced vortices. Jets injected normal to the surface created vortices of lesser strength that migrated out farther from the boundary layer. The vortices produced by angled jets (injected at 30-deg pitch and 90-deg skew angles to the freestream) remained closer to the wall and maintained their structure for a longer distance. The angled jets also produced vortices that were more effective at sweeping low momentum fluid up from the boundary layer while transporting high-momentum freestream fluid down towards the wall. Second, pulsed VGJs were injected on a flat plate with an applied adverse pressure gradient equivalent to that experienced by an LPT blade. This configuration was used to study the effectiveness of the flow control exhibited by both jet configurations on a separating boundary layer. Time-averaged results showed similar boundary-layer separation reduction for both normal and angled jets: however, individual characteristics of the control. differed. Normal jets created a disturbance that provided flow control earlier during the pulsing cycle, whereas the disturbance produced by the angled jets was more effective in reducing the boundary-layer separation.