期刊
ANNALS OF PHYSICS
卷 330, 期 -, 页码 160-191出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2012.11.009
关键词
Quantum simulation; Lattice gauge theory; Optical lattice; Gauge magnet
资金
- Spanish MEC project TOQATA [FIS2008-00784]
- Consolider QOIT, Marie Curie project [FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IIF ENGAGES 273524]
- ERC Advanced Grant QUAGATUA
- EU STREP AQUTE
- NAMEQUAM
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- ICREA Funding Source: Custom
We discuss a general framework for the realization of a family of Abelian lattice gauge theories, i.e., link models or gauge magnets, in optical lattices. We analyze the properties of these models that make them suitable for quantum simulations. Within this class, we study in detail the phases of a U(1)-invariant lattice gauge theory in 2 + 1 dimensions, originally proposed by P. Orland. By using exact diagonalization, we extract the low-energy states for small lattices, up to 4 x 4. We confirm that the model has two phases, with the confined entangled one characterized by strings wrapping around the whole lattice. We explain how to study larger lattices by using either tensor network techniques or digital quantum simulations with Rydberg atoms loaded in optical lattices, where we discuss in detail a protocol for the preparation of the ground-state. We propose two key experimental tests that can be used as smoking gun of the proper implementation of a gauge theory in optical lattices. These tests consist in verifying the absence of spontaneous (gauge) symmetry breaking of the ground-state and the presence of charge confinement. We also comment on the relation between standard compact U(1) lattice gauge theory and the model considered in this paper. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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