Temporal stability of surface soil moisture in the Little Washita River watershed and its applications in satellite soil moisture product validation

The concept of temporal stability can be used to identify persistent soil moisture patterns and estimate the large scale average from select representative sensor locations. Accurate and efficient estimation of large-scale surface soil moisture is a primary component of soil moisture satellite validation programs. However, monitoring the soil surface at large grid scales is difficult. As part of the aqua satellite advanced microwave scanning radiometer (AMSR) Validation Program, a soil moisture sensor network was installed in the little Washita river watershed in Oklahoma, USA in 2002. Along with data from the soil moisture experiment 2003 (SMEX03), this network will provide a valuable dataset for satellite soil moisture product validation. Analysis shows that most of the network sensors are temporally stable at multiple scales and four sites are identified as representative with negligible bias and small standard deviation to the watershed mean. As part of this analysis, the protocols established for large-scale soil moisture sampling campaigns such as in the soil moisture experiments (SNMX) are validated. This analysis showed that basing grid scale estimates on six sampling points is reasonable and accurate. Temporal stability is shown to be a valuable tool for soil moisture network analysis and can provide an efficient means to large-scale satellite validation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.