Quantitative L-lysine requirement of juvenile grouper Epinephelus coioides

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the quantitative lysine requirement of juvenile grouper Epinephelus coioides (initial mean weight: 15.84 +/- 0.23 g, mean +/- SD) in eighteen 500-L indoors flow-through circular fibreglass tanks provided with sand-filtered aerated seawater by feeding diets containing six levels of L-lysine ranging from 19.2 to 39.5 g kg(-1) dry diet in 4 g kg(-1) increments. The diets, in which 250 g crude protein kg(-1) diet came from fish meal and soybean protein concentrate, and 230 g kg(-1) from crystalline amino acids, were formulated to simulate the amino acid profile of 480 g kg(-1) whole chicken egg protein except for lysine. Each diet was assigned to three tanks in a completely randomized design. Grouper were fed to apparent satiation twice daily during the week and once daily on weekends. Weight gain and specific growth rate increased with increasing levels of dietary lysine up to 27.2 g kg(-1) (P < 0.05) and remained nearly the same thereafter (P > 0.05). Feed efficiency was the poorest for fish fed the lowest lysine diet (P < 0.05) and showed no significant differences among other treatments (P > 0.05). Survival could not be related to dietary treatments. Body composition remained relatively constant except for lipid contents in muscle and liver. Total essential amino acid contents in liver increased with dietary lysine level although there was a slight decline for fish fed the highest lysine level of diet. Plasma protein content increased with increasing dietary lysine level (P < 0.05), but cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucose contents were more variable and could not be related to dietary treatments. Dietary lysine level significantly influenced morphometrical parameters (condition factor, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio) of juvenile grouper (P > 0.05). Broken-line analysis of weight gain indicated the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile grouper to be 28.3 g kg(-1) diet or 55.6 g kg(-1) dietary protein.