Butyrylcholinesterase attenuates amyloid fibril formation in vitro

in Alzheimer's disease, both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) colocalize with brain fibrils of amyloid-beta (A beta) peptides, and synaptic AChE-S facilitates fibril formation by association with insoluble A beta fibrils. Here, we report that human BChE and BSP41, a synthetic peptide derived from the BChE C terminus, inversely associate with the soluble A beta conformers and delay the onset and decrease the rate of A beta fibril formation in vitro, at a 1:100 BChE/A beta molar ratio and in a dose-dependent manner. The corresponding AChE synthetic peptide (ASP)40 peptide derived from the homologous C terminus of synaptic human (h)AChE-S, failed to significantly affect A beta fibril formation, attributing the role of enhancing this process to an AChE domain other than the C terminus. Circular dichroism and molecular modeling confirmed that both ASP40 and BChE synthetic peptide (BSP)41 are amphipathic alpha-helices. However, ASP40 shows symmetric amphipathicity, whereas BSP41 presented an aromatic tryptophan residue in the polar side of the C terminus. That this aromatic residue is causally involved in the attenuating effect of BChE was further supported by mutagenesis experiments in which (W8R) BSP41 showed suppressed capacity to attenuate fibril formation. In Alzheimer's disease, BChE may have thus acquired an inverse role to that of AChE by adopting imperfect amphipathic characteristics of its C terminus.