The role of BKCa channels in electrical signal encoding in the mammalian auditory periphery

Large-conductance voltage- and Ca2+- activated K+ channels (BKCa) are involved in shaping spiking patterns in many neurons. Less is known about their role in mammalian inner hair cells (IHCs), mechanosensory cells with unusually large BKCa currents. These currents may be involved in shaping the receptor potential, implying crucial importance for the properties of afferent auditory signals. We addressed the function of BKCa by recording sound-induced responses of afferent auditory nerve ( AN) fibers from mice with a targeted deletion of the pore-forming alpha-subunit of BKCa (BK alpha(-/-)) and comparing these with voltage responses of current-clamped IHCs. BKCa-mediated currents in IHCs were selectively abolished in BK alpha(-/-), whereas cochlear physiology was essentially normal with respect to cochlear sensitivity and frequency tuning. BK alpha(-/-) AN fibers showed deteriorated precision of spike timing, measured as an increased variance of first spike latency in response to tone bursts. This impairment could be explained by a slowed voltage response in the presynaptic IHC resulting from the reduced K+ conductance in the absence of BKCa. Maximum spike rates of AN fibers were reduced nearly twofold in BK alpha(-/-), contrasting with increased voltage responses of IHCs. In addition to presynaptic changes, which may be secondary to a modest depolarization of BK alpha(-/-) IHCs, this reduction in AN rates suggests a role of BKCa in postsynaptic AN neurons, which was supported by increased refractory periods. In summary, our results indicate an essential role of IHC BKCa channels for precise timing of high-frequency cochlear signaling as well as a function of BKCa in the primary afferent neuron.