Concentration and trend of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone in airborne particulates collected in Nagasaki city, Japan

9, 10-Phenanthrenequinone (PQ), one of the components of atmospheric pollutants, has potent harmful effects on human health. PQ in airborne particulates collected in Nagasaki city was determined by HPLC with fluorescence derivatization. PQ extracted from airborne particulates using methanol was derivatized with benzaldehyde in the presence of ammonium acetate to give a fluorescent compound. The average concentration (mean +/- SD, n = 52) of PQ found in airborne particulates collected from July 1997 to June 1998 was 0.287 +/- 0.128 ng m(-3). Concentrations of PQ in winter were higher than those in summer. In a weekly variation study, PQ concentrations were higher during weekdays and lower at weekend. The levels of PQ were obviously correlated with those of phenanthrene (PH) that is considered as a parent compound of PQ. This observation suggested that PQ was emitted into the atmosphere from the same source as PH, or PQ was converted from PH in the atmosphere. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.