4.7 Article

High prevalence of multiple human herpesviruses in saliva from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

期刊

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
卷 44, 期 7, 页码 2409-2415

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AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00256-06

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资金

  1. NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR002602, RR02602] Funding Source: Medline
  2. NIDCR NIH HHS [DE014142, R21 DE015070, DE15070-01, R01 DE014142] Funding Source: Medline

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased risk for human herpesviruses (HHVs) and their related diseases. Methods for limiting the transmission of HHVs require a better understanding of the prevalence and infectiousness of oral HHVs in HIV-infected patients. We performed quantitative PCR to investigate the prevalence, quantity. risk. and correlates of salivary HHVs from 58 HIV-seropositive individuals in a case control study. HHVs were significantly more prevalent in the salivas of HIV-seropositive persons than in those of the controls (odds ratios [ORs]. 4.2 to 26.2; P <= 0.008). In HIV-infected patients, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), cytomegalovirus (CMV. and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were detected in 90%. 57%. 31% and 16% of samples. respectively. compared with 48%, 24%. 2%, and 2%, respectively, of samples from controls. Multiple HHV's were observed in 71% of HIV-seropositive persons and only 16% of controls (OR. 13.0; 95% confidence interval. 5.29 to 32.56). HIV-positive patients had significantly higher EBV loads than HIV-negative persons (P < 0.0001). HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts above 200 cells/mu l had increased probability for having HHV-8 in saliva (P = 0.009) compared with patients whose counts were less than 200. In contrast.. HSV-1, EBV, and CMV were detected more often when CD4 counts were low. High salivary HHV loads were detected for those (n = 7) with oral lesions. These findings suggest that saliva is a potential risk factor for the acquisition of multiple HHVs. and several host factors may function to accelerate HHV reactivation or replication in patients with HIV infection.

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