期刊
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
卷 12, 期 4, 页码 559-565出版社
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S1355617706060644
关键词
Iowa Gambling Test; Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; executive functions; prefrontal cortex; demyelinating diseases; emotion
Many patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) show cognitive and emotional disorders. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of contingency learning in decision-making in young, non-depressed, highly functioning patients with MS (n = 21) and in matched healthy controls (n = 30). Executive functions, attention, short-term memory, speed of information processing, and selection and retrieval of linguistic material were also investigated. Contingency learning based on the cumulative effect of reward and punishment was assessed using the Iowa Gambling Test (IGT). In the classic ABCD version of the IGT, advantageous decks are characterized by immediate small reward but even smaller future punishment. In the modified EFGH version, advantageous decks are characterized by immediate large punishment but even larger future reward. Results revealed that patients with MS showed significant dysfunctions in both versions of the IGT. Performances on neuropsychological tests sensitive to dorsolateral prefrontal functions did not predict and did not correlate with the IGT scores. These results suggest that patients with MS show impaired performances on tasks designed to assess decision-making in a situation requiring the evaluation of long-term outcomes regardless of gain or loss, and that this deficit is not a pure consequence of executive dysfunctions.
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