期刊
EMBO JOURNAL
卷 25, 期 13, 页码 3203-3213出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601181
关键词
cholesterol; LXR; retinal dehydrogenase; retinoic acid; SREBP-1c
资金
- NIDA NIH HHS [K02 DA013926, DA11190, R01 DA011190, K02-DA13926] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK060521, R01 DK054733, DK60521, DK54733] Funding Source: Medline
Retinoic acid (RA) constitutes the major active ingredient of vitamin A and is required for various biological processes. The tissue RA level is maintained through a cascade of metabolic reactions where retinal dehydrogenases (RALDHs) catalyze the terminal reaction of RA biosynthesis from retinal, a rate-limiting step. We showed that dietary supplement of cholesterol enhanced the expression of RALDH1 and 2 genes and the cellular RA content in vital organs such as brain, kidney, liver and heart. Consistently, the cholesterol-lowering agent (pravastatin sodium) downregulated the expression of RALDH1 and 2 genes in several organs especially the liver and in cultured liver cells. Further, cholesterol metabolites, predominantly the oxysterols, the natural ligands for liver X receptor (LXR), induced these genes via upregulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) that bound to the regulatory regions of these genes. Knockdown of LXRa/b or SREBP-1c downregulated the expression of RALDH genes, which could be rescued by re-expressing SREBP-1c, suggesting SREBP-1c as a direct positive regulator for these genes. This study uncovered a novel crosstalk between cholesterol and RA biosynthesis.
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