期刊
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
卷 60, 期 4, 页码 457-464出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00265-006-0172-6
关键词
giving-up densities; predation; predation risk; foraging; optimal foraging; trade-offs; meta-analysis
Although there is ample evidence for the generality of foraging and predation trade-offs in aquatic systems, its application to terrestrial systems is less comprehensive. In this review, meta-analysis was used to analyze experiments on giving-up-densities in terrestrial systems to evaluate the overall magnitude of predation risk on foraging behavior and experimental conditions mediating its effect. Results indicate a large and significant decrease in foraging effort as a consequence of increased predation risk. Whether experiments were conducted under natural or artificial conditions produced no change in the overall effect predation had on foraging. Odor and live predators as a correlate of predation risk had weaker and nonsignificant effects compared to habitat characteristics. The meta-analysis suggests that the effect of predation risk on foraging behavior in terrestrial systems is strongly dependent on the type of predation risk being utilized.
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