Sensorless control of salient PMSM drives in the transition region

This paper considers speed and position estimation of salient permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). An estimator of phase-locked loop (PLL) type is considered. Signal injection techniques are used in the zero-speed and low-speed regions, while information found in the back electromotive force (EMF) is used for higher speeds. Particular focus is put on the transition region, i.e., the speed region where the estimator switches between signal-injection and back-EMF-based methods. It is shown that the estimator may become unstable for certain setups of machine parameters and operating conditions if the transition region is determined incorrectly. To avoid this instability, design rules for how the transition region should be determined, as well as recommended selections for all parameters introduced, are given. The results of the analysis are also supported with experimental results.