Calcium ions are frequently used second messengers in most living organisms. Members of the family of ryanodine sensitive calcium channels (ryanodine receptors, RyRs) are responsible for many important Ca2+ signaling events in both excitable and nonexcitable cells. The biological activity of these membrane proteins is modulated and regulated by a great variety of different cellular and extracellular effectors, proteins, and small molecules. However, very little is still understood about how the modulators work on a molecular level. The very large size of more than 2 million Da per functional tetrameric RyR unit and its membrane association have made more detailed biochemical and structural analysis extremely challenging.
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