Carotenoids and tocols of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum ssp monococcum L.)

The nutritional properties of einkorn and its potential as a donor of useful traits to cultivated wheat prompted the survey of carotenoid and tocol content of 54 accessions of einkorn originating from different eco-geographical areas, by HPLC analysis. Eight Triticum turgidum and seven Triticum aestivum cultivars were analysed in parallel. Carotenoids, mostly lutein, averaged 8.41 mu g/g dm, 2-4 times more than non-einkorn wheats, with a maximum of 13.4 mu g/g dm. Several accessions showed significant amounts of carotenes (above 25% of total carotenoids), sometimes together with high lutein contents. Tocols averaged 77.96 mu g/g dm, significantly exceeding the non-einkorn wheats, with a maximum of 115.85 mu g/g dm. The most abundant tocol was beta-tocotrienol (48.22 mu g/g dm), followed by a-tocotrienol (12.77 mu g/g dm), alpha-tocopherol (12.18 mu g/g dm) and beta-tocopherol (4.79 mu g/g dm); the mean tocotrienol/tocopherol ratio was 3.68. Einkorns from different geographical areas had diverse average total carotenoid and tocol values; two geographic gradients were observed, possibly reflecting the original routes of spread of einkorn into Europe from the Middle East. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.