Bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillic acid by Halomonas elongata isolated from table-olive fermentation

Halomonas elongata strain Mar (=CCUG 52759) isolated from table-olive fermentation is the first halophilic bacterium to be shown to transform ferulic acid to vanillic acid under hypersaline conditions. During growth on ferulic acid, this strain was capable of promoting the formation of a significant amount of vanillic acid and trace quantities of vanillin. The products were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Based on the different metabolites identified, an oxidative side chain degradation pathway of ferulic acid bioconversion to vanillic acid was suggested. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed that this isolated strain Mar was identified as H. elongata. To increase the formation of vanillic acid, a resting cell method using H. elongata strain Mar was performed. The optimal yield of vanillic acid (86%) was obtained after a 6 h reaction using 5 mM of ferulic acid and 4 g of dry weight of cells L-1 pregrown on ferulic acid and harvested at the end of the exponential phase.