期刊
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
卷 19, 期 5, 页码 1641-1650出版社
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01114.x
关键词
alternative mating tactics; Baltic Sea; extra pair paternity; nest availability; piracy; sand goby; sneaking; sperm competition; strategies
Pomatoschistus minutus show paternal care in a resource defence mating system. We investigated the effect of nest-site availability on parasitic spawning. Each experimental pool contained four potentially nest-building males, four females and nests-sites in shortage (2) or excess (6). Both treatments were conducted in two populations; one with natural nest-sites in excess, one with a nest-site shortage. Microsatellite-DNA revealed that all nest-holders had fertilized most of the eggs they tended. Yet, 35% of the nests contained eggs fertilized by another male and 14.4% of the males had performed parasitic spawning. There was no site or treatment effect. Several females spawned in two nests, which coincided with parasitic spawnings, suggesting a cost to the nest-holder in terms of lost mating success. Nest-holders with and without eggs and non-nesting males all spawned parasitically, generating a significantly lower opportunity for sexual selection compared to if there had been no parasitic spawning.
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