A cross-cultural shortened form of the ZKPQ (ZKPQ-50-cc) adapted to English, French, German, and Spanish languages

The aim of the present study was to develop a version of the (ZKPQ) with a robust structure and acceptable psychometric properties in four languages: English (United States), French (Switzerland), German (Germany), and Spanish (Spain). The total sample (N = 462 1) was randomly divided into calibration and validation samples. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted in the calibration sample. Using several criteria derived from EFA and CFA item analysis, including modification index and standardized regression weights, 10 items per scale were selected. This short version (named ZKPQ-50-CC) presents psychometric properties strongly similar to the original version in the four countries. Moreover, the factor structure is near equivalent across the four countries since the congruence indices were all higher than 0.90. It is concluded that the ZKPQ-50-CC presented high cross-language replicability, and could be a useful questionnaire for personality research. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.