Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is associated with glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms

The aim of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, influencing glucocorticoid sensitivity, are associated with persistent nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. Two nasal swab cultures were obtained from each of 2929 participants. Subjects were classified as persistent carriers (n = 563) if both cultures were positive. GG homozygotes of the exon 9 beta polymorphism were associated with a 68% reduced risk of persistent S. aureus nasal carriage, whereas carriers of the codon 23 lysine allele displayed an 80% increased risk. Thus, genotype-dependent variation in the sensitivity to glucocorticoids is associated with tolerance toward staphylococcal nasal colonization.