Protocatechuic acid suppresses MPP+-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death in PC12 cells

Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a phenolic compound isolated from the kernels of Alpinia (A.) oxyphylla, showed antioxidant neuroprotective effect in our previous study. Here, we investigated the effect of PCA on the MPP+-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death in PC 12 cells. The apoptosis in MPP+-induced PC 12 cells was associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), GSH depletion, activation of caspase-3 and down-regulation of Bcl-2. In contrast, treatment of PC12 cells with PCA significantly prevented the above-mentioned mitochondrial dysfunction. Our data pointed to the potential clinical application/use of PCA to overcome neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.