期刊
ANNALS OF BOTANY
卷 108, 期 7, 页码 1307-1322出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr244
关键词
CSEM; lignified and suberized root hairs; Lyginia barbata; perennial drought-tolerant roots; persistent root hairs; phosphorus recycling; Restionaceae; rhizosheaths; root hair histochemistry; sandbinding roots
资金
- Australian Research Council (ARC) [DP1092856, DP0663243]
- Australian Research Council [DP0663243, DP1092856] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
Background and Aims Strongly coherent sandsheaths that envelop perennial roots of many monocotyledonous species of arid environments have been described for over a century. This study, for the first time, details the roles played by the structural development of the subtending roots in the formation and persistence of the sheaths. Methods The structural development of root tissues associated with persistent sandsheaths was studied in Lyginia barbata, native to the Western Australian sand plains. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy CSEM, optical microscopy and specific staining methods were applied to fresh, field material. The role of root hairs was clarified by monitoring sheath development in roots separated from the sand profile by fine mesh. Key Results and Conclusions The formation of the sheaths depends entirely on the numerous living root hairs which extend into the sand and track closely around individual grains enmeshing, by approx. 12 cm from the root tip, a volume of sand more than 14 times that of the subtending root. The longevity of the perennial sheaths depends on the subsequent development of the root hairs and of the epidermis and cortex. Before dying, the root hairs develop cellulosic walls approx. 3 mm thick, incrusted with ferulic acid and lignin, which persist for the life of the sheath. The dead hairs remain in place fused to a persistent platform of sclerified epidermis and outer cortex. The mature cortex comprises this platform, a wide, sclerified inner rim and a lysigenous central region - all dead tissue. We propose that the sandsheath/roothair/epidermis/cortex complex is a structural unit facilitating water and nutrient uptake while the tissues are alive, recycling scarce phosphorus during senescence, and forming, when dead, a persistent essential structure for maintenance of a functional stele in the perennial Lyginia roots.
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