期刊
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
卷 36, 期 4, 页码 554-562出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-007-9426-3
关键词
gene expression; mechanotransduction; proliferation; shear stress; signal transduction
资金
- NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL043026-150004, HL85159, R01 HL085159, R01 HL080518-04, R01 HL085159-03, P01 HL043026, R01 HL080518, HL43026, HL80518] Funding Source: Medline
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) play significant roles in regulating circulatory functions. The shear stress resulting from blood flow modulates EC functions by activating mechano-sensors, signaling pathways, and gene and protein expressions. Shear stress with a clear direction resulting form pulsatile or steady flow causes only transient activation of pro-inflammatory and proliferative pathways, which become down-regulated when such directed shearing is sustained. In contrast, shear flow without a definitive direction (e.g., disturbed flow in regions of complex geometry) causes sustained molecular signaling of pro-inflammatory and proliferative pathways. The EC responses to shear flows with a clear direction involve the remodeling of EC structure to maintain vascular homeostasis and are athero-protective. Such regulatory mechanism does not operate effectively when the flow pattern is disturbed. Therefore, the branch points and other regions of the arterial tree with a complex geometry are prone to atherogenesis, whereas the straight part of the arterial tree is generally spared. Understanding of the EC responses to different flow patters helps to elucidate the mechanism of the region-specific localization of atherosclerosis in the arterial system.
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