Recent advances in the pathology and classification of ovarian germ cell tumors

In recent years, our knowledge of ovarian germ cell tumors has increased, and their classification has evolved. The introduction of cisplatin-based chemotherapy and the discovery of tumor markers, including a-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin, have dramatically changed the clinical outlook for most of these patients. In this review, recent advances in the classification and pathology of ovarian germ cell tumors are discussed. Where appropriate, comparisons are made with testicular germ cell tumors. The last section of the article discusses the pathogenesis of germ cell tumors. This review will emphasize the articles written in the last 10 years and those that have significantly advanced our knowledge of germ cell tumors in past decades.