Layer-by-layer adsorption of polyelectrolytes and gold nanoparticles within porous supports provides a convenient method for forming catalytic membranes. The polyelectrolyte film effectively immobilizes the gold nanoparticles without inhibiting access to catalytic sites, as shown by the similar rate constants for nanoparticle-catalyzed 4-nitrophenol reduction in solution and in membranes. Modified alumina membranes reduce > 99% of 0.4 mM 4-nitrophenol at linear flow rates of 0.98 cm/s, and the modification process is also applicable to track-etched polycarbonate supports.
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