Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions for the functionalization of BODIPY dyes with fluorescence spanning the visible spectrum

The BODIPY fluorophore can easily be functionalized at the 3- (and 5-)position(s) with one or two aryl, ethenylaryl and ethynylaryl moieties by palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of the 3,5-dichloroBODIPY derivative using the Stille, Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira reactions. The fluorescence excitation and emission spectral maxima of the novel BOD-JPY derivatives range from green to near-infrared. The new class of ethynylaryl-substituted BODIPY dyes are extremely bright fluorescent compounds. ((c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006).